speech

Speech:
My group constructed our cannon so that we decrease the volume so that the pressure was greater which is what Boyle’s law states. We did this by folding the plastic onto itself and doubling up the cans on top of each other. We also tried making our cannon more successful by choosing a 35 degree angle because we wanted our cannon to go further instead of higher so we chose something slightly under 45 degrees. When it came down to firing the cannon, ours didn’t fire as well as all the other groups because Gay Lussac’s law states that with a colder temperature, there is less pressure and it was cold that day so there wasn’t enough of a pressure to fire the cannon. Working in a group helped us to put all of our ideas into the cannon so that the cannon was extra good and it also helped speed up the process.

journal entries

Firing phase:
When all of the groups went out to fire, there were many different cannon designs like double chambers and some people shortened the length of the cannon while others primarily focused on the angle. Over all, I didn’t see anybody’s that was quite like ours. When it came to firing, our cannon didn’t fire but it just shrunk up and smoked. This was the same for all of the cannons and I believe that this is because of the temperature because temperature and pressure are directly proportional so because it was cold outside, there wasn’t enough pressure to fire our cannons.
Reflection phase:
I believe that our cannon did have intelligent design based upon volume and pressure. We decreased the volume of our cannon because Boyle’s law says that with a lesser volume, there is a greater pressure. Another gas law that was used was Gay Lussac’s law because there was a very low temperature which means that there was a low pressure. I was able to find that Gay Lussac’s law worked because none of the cannons fired because of the cold. However, my group wasn’t able to see if Boyle’s law worked because we couldn’t find how good it fired. I believe that it was the temperature that made our cannons not fire because there wasn’t enough pressure for them.

english component

Write before you read:
A time when people had to obey even though they might not have wanted to, was when the first atomic bomb was dropped from American troops. The people who were in charge of dropping it might not have wanted to because they realized that it would kill millions of people but they had to obey the military commanders who thought I best to do so and end a war. I think military commanders have to enforce harsh discipline because if they want everything to go the way they planed, they can’t have a bunch of people messing around and not obeying orders. I think it is important for the military to work as a team because every time you do, you can get more things done and things work out better. I also think that your military would be stronger as a whole if they are pulled together. If troops aren’t kept under control, you have a bunch of people not following orders and people have a greater chance of getting killed if they are going and doing what they want which eventually comes down to loosing the war.

Poem:
This poem is about 600 soldiers who marched into war and obeyed their commanders without question. When they got there, they fought bravely and nobly and eventually won the battle and what was left of them came back proudly. The poet uses a lot of repetition in this poem like: the six hundred, valley of death, mouth of hell, cannons in front, behind and to the sides. He uses these to let the reader constantly know what was going on and how many men that had to obey orders. He also uses metaphors like valley of death and mouth of hell to show how evil and fearful war actually is.

math component

My group chose an angle of 35 to 40 degrees for our cannon. We chose this because we wanted our Nerf ball to go farther instead of higher so we used an angle that wasn’t too high but slightly below 45 degrees. I have seen that some artillery is used with an angle like this depending on the distance that they were shooting.

Velocity:
R/i= (Vo2 sin2 O)/g; Rg/Vo2= SIN 2 O; Vo2=(Sin 2 O)/Rg ; Vo2=(Sin 2 (35))/R(32.2); Vo2= (sin 2(35))/0; Vo2=0

science component

Materials:
2 tennis ball cans with tops
12 inch strip of duct tape
1 pair of scissors
Steps:
We cut off the bottoms of each tennis ball can.
we then cut down the middle starting from the bottom of each can until about 2 inches from the rim if the lid.
We then placed one can over another with the rim going in first.
We then folded the two flaps of plastic on the outer can over each other and taped them up.
finally, we took the bottoms of one of the cans as a base for our angle and taped it to the bottom of the cannon at a 35 degree angle.
Hypothesis:
As an educted guess, i would say that with the decrease in volume in our design, the preassure will increase making the ball shoot out with more force and go farther. I also think that as long as the tempurature outside is warm, the reaction will happen faster. the 35 degree angle should also help because it prevents the ball from not going high but going strait out.
Data:
The cannon did not fire and there was no reaction that took place. I believe this was because the temperature was cold which slowed down the reaction and did not give enough energy to create a reaction. Next time I would choose a warmer climate to test at so that the reaction would be faster.

Trebuchet

• A trebuchet is a piece of machinery that is used as a catapult to smash buildings and throwing objects.
• It has a counterweight on it that is used to sling the wooden arm on it with huge objects on it; hurling them into enemies or huge walls.
• Most effective European siege weapon of twelfth century.
• Can sling objects over 300 pounds 350 yards in the air and the object were six times as heavy as the projectiles a catapults could.
• Counter-weight could weigh 20,000 pounds and the size of the machine could be 50 ft.
• Sling offers the projectile to be thrown twice as far as normal.
• Parts of trebuchet: frame, counterweight, beam, sling and the guide chute.
• Frame: holds the machine together and has a place to drop the counterweight.
• Counterweight: when dropped is forced down in a pivot inside the frame and with its great force, spins the arm up which throws the sling.
• Guide chute: this is the part at the base of the frame that supports the projectile until it is thrown by the sling.italso guides the sling while it is being thrown to give it a smoothe and accurate throw.
• sling: a long strap-like mechanism that holds the the projectle and is thrown in the air by the arm. when thrown, the sling opens up and releases the projectile.

Carronade

Carronade:
The carronade is an early 18th century cannon that was created by Lieutenant General Robert Melville. Great Britain was the first to use to use this lightweight piece of artillery during the American revolutionary war on the ships. The canon has a short barrel and muzzle and was constructed very lightweight with functions including: Breech bolt, Aft sight, Vent hole, Front sight, First reinforcing ring, Barrel, Muzzle, Second reinforcing ring, Horizontal rotation axis, Chock, Vertical rotation axis, Wheel, Mobile pedestal, Carriage, Pommel, and Elevation thread. The exact cost s unknown but with less amount of materials used to make it light weight and the shorter it was made it cheaper than most cannons. The cannon was intended on creating a shot that would make more deadly splinters from the wood but did not have a very fast velocity and couldn’t go very far. The gun only needed a small crew to operate and be pretty effective. This weapon was affective in short range mainly because it could smash through the wood on ships if it was close enough to keep its speed. This weapon became replaced by longer cannons because of the distance they could get.

Howitzer

Howitzer:
Many of the different types of howitzers of the 20th century came from howitzer designs from centuries before that and the idea just evolved. The howitzer was mainly used by the German army in World War I but was also used by other countries at that time. The howitzer had a long barrel and multi charge propellant. These more modern weapons could sometimes cost up to millions on dollars because of the precision put into them. the weapon could shoot at a short distance and could cause great damage to crowds and large objects that are nearby. Depending on the type of howitzer, this piece of artillery could take up to nine men to operate during war. It was very effective at short ranges and could be shot using a variety of angles.